A recent study reveals a significant link between PM2.5 air pollution exposure during pregnancy and low birth weight. The study analysed data from 84 global studies, emphasising the need for enhanced air pollution controls to protect vulnerable groups, especially pregnant women, and children.
A recent study conducted by researchers from the Hebrew University’s School of Public Health, in collaboration with Hadassah Medical Center, has uncovered a troubling link between exposure to PM2.5 air pollution during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight in newborns. This study highlights the significant impact of air quality on prenatal development and emphasises the urgent need for stricter air pollution controls.
The study, led by Dr Wiessam Abu-Ahmad and Professor Hagai Levine, in collaboration with Prof Ronit Nierl, analysed data from a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis encompassing 84 studies worldwide, representing about 42 million births. The findings draw attention to the pronounced health risks associated with the fine particulate matter commonly emitted from transportation and industry.
Dr. Abu-Ahmed pointed out, “Our analysis reveals stark regional variations in the impacts of air pollution on fetal development. This underscores the need for a localised approach in monitoring and mitigating air pollution. Particularly concerning are the strong correlations found in European studies, likely influenced by specific environmental and climatic conditions.”
The research indicates a positive relation between high levels of PM2.5 particles during pregnancy and an increased likelihood of babies being born at low birth weights. Low birth weight is a critical concern as it is linked to numerous health complications later in life, including heart disease, diabetes, and developmental issues.
The researchers stress the urgency of establishing an updated national database to monitor the effects of air pollution effectively in Israel. “The discrepancies among global studies highlight the complexities of environmental health risks and the critical need for targeted research and policies,” explained Prof. Levine.
This study forms part of a broader research initiative focusing on environmental exposures and fetal growth, funded by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in collaboration with the Ministry of Health. The insights from this study are pivotal in reinforcing the battle against air pollution and safeguarding public health, particularly for infants and pregnant women.
The study’s implications point to the necessity of reevaluating public health policies to prioritise the well-being of the most vulnerable populations, particularly pregnant women, and children.
Prof. Levine further emphasised the societal responsibility to adapt healthier and more environmentally friendly practices: “It is imperative that both personal and governmental actions are intensified to address this health hazard. Effective measures, including stricter regulations to reduce emission sources, applying “polluter-pays” principle and political commitment are essential to safeguard public health of the current and future generations.”
The research paper titled “Meta-analysis of fine particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and birth weight: Exploring sources of heterogeneity” is now available in Science of The Total Environment and can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173205.
Researchers:
Wiessam Abu Ahmad1, Ronit Nirel2, Saleh Barges3, Maya Jolles4, Hagai Levine1
Institutions:
1) School of Public Health, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
2) Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
3) Community Medical Services Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
4) School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
Disclaimer: In these challenging times of war and crisis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem is resolute in its dedication to advancing research and education. We stand in full support of the brave individuals on the frontlines, safeguarding our nation and the well-being of all Israelis, and extend our deepest gratitude and unwavering solidarity to our community and fellow citizens. Together, we shall prevail against the challenges that confront us, and our shared commitment to the well-being of all Israelis and the pursuit of knowledge remains resolute.
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is Israel’s premier academic and research institution. Serving over 23,000 students from 80 countries, the University produces nearly 40% of Israel’s civilian scientific research and has received over 11,000 patents. Faculty and alumni of the Hebrew University have won eight Nobel Prizes and a Fields Medal. For more information about the Hebrew University, please visit http://new.huji.ac.il/en.